Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 100

MCXIIIJS6_100.jpg

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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 100

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Beståndsdelarne i en Samojedisk kåta
(meäh):
TN мяʺ(д) ʻtent’. The conical Nenets tent was described by most researchers and travellers who worked among the Nenets. Castrén is here describing the winter tent. Despite the furs, the tent might be covered with birch bark (during summer) and nowadays also with a tarpaulin. Additionally, one does not have a fire, but a small stove with a chimney in contemporary tents. There is also some regional variation in the structure of the conical tent. (See Chomič 1966: 101–109; IEAS 1961: 141, 163, 203–205; Golovnev, Kukanov & Perevalova 2018: 216–237.)
  1. Saarowáh
    сярава ʻtied ones’ or TN мяд’ сарва [saaruah]. (TaS, KL)
    kallas tvenne de starkaste stån-
    ger, som först uppställas. De öfriga som uppre-
    sas omkring dem kallas:
  1. Uh. Pl.
    u'uh
    TN ңу, plural ңуʺ ʻpole(s) of the conical tent’
    Pl. u'uh.
  1. Omkring stångarna utbredas dubbla renhudar,
    de på inre sidan med hårsidan inåt, de
    på yttre med hårsidan utåt. Den inre väggen kls[kallas]
  1. Myikóh,
    TN мюйко ʻinner covering of the tentʼ. In the winter tent, they are usually double, with the fur inside. Typically sewn from older, shabby hides or TN ея [jeejeh]. TN мюйко ха, literally мюйко’s ears denotes the corner pockets into which the poles are put when lifting up the poles. (Chomič 1966: 102–104)
    den yttre åter
  2. Jeejéh
    TN ея ʻouter covering of the tent’. In the winter tent, they are usually double, with the fur outside. Typically sewn from 25-40 new hides. TN ея ха, literally ея’s, ears, the corner pockets into which the poles are put when lifting up the poles. (Chomič 1966: 102–104)
  3. Siejéh
    TN сея ʻthe part of the tent around the door’, used for keeping everyday items such as clothes and household wares. Also considered the female part of the tent. (Chomič 1966: 108)
    kls[kallas] väggen å ömse
    sidor om dörren
    (njoh)
    TN нë ʻdoor of the tent’
    Den mot dörren motsatta väggen heter
  1. Sii'ih
    TN сиʹ ʻthe place opposite the door’, behind the TN симзы pole [sinsih]. Сиʹ is considered to be sacred and pure and religious items, together with dishes and food, are stored here. Women should not cross сиʹ either inside or outside the tent. (Chomič 1966: 108; Stammler 2005: 85–87)
  2. Wau
    TN ваʺав ʻsleeping place, bed’ on both sides of the door.
    kallas bädden och väggen dervid.
  3. Härden,
    tjymju,
    TN тюмю ʻiron plate under the fire’.
    består af en jernskifva.
  4. Å ömse sidor om härden finnes ett golf,
    sfogadt af 3-4 släta bräder -
    Laatah
    TN латаʹ ʻflat wooden boards’ on both sides of the tent. As noted by Chomič, the boards tell of the wealth and so the poorer families did not have латаʹ in their tents.
    Bakom
    laata är bädden. Sålunda anredd: Förut nedsättes
    å snön en halmmatta,
    Uuntjer,
    TN ңутерʹ or ңум’ пэңа ʻmat made of straw’ placed on a birch mat, TN хуʺнерʺ. Note that Castrén seems to have a different understanding about the meaning of the word. (Chomič 1966: 105, 107)
    derå en matta,
    sflätad af (björk eller) vide-qvistar,
    den kallas
    Hunjier,
    TN ху”нер” ʻtwig mat made of birch’ placed on the snow under TN ңум’ пэңа and TN лата.
    hvarå ännu bredas ren-
    hudar. Till täcke brukas fårskinnsfällar, köpta
    af Ryssarne (Samojederne sofva splitter-nakna).
  1. Saaruah,
    TN мядʹ сарва ʻtop of the tent’ denotes the upper part of the tent. The smoke hole is called TN макодаʹ си. It can be partly covered on the side of the wind with TN тюсерʹ, a piece of fur, or TN есенабцьʹ, a piece of birch bark. (Chomič 1966: 107)
    kallas rökhålet i kåtan.
  2. Sinsih
    TN сымзы or сынзы refers to the sacred pole standing inside the tent, between the fireplace and the back of the tent. TN ти [tjih] is fastened to сымзы and the poles on each side of the door. Alternatively, ти can be attached to two additional poles on the door side of the tent. As noted by Chomič, in some areas an (inverted) U-shaped piece of wooden equipment might have been used over the fire instead of сымзы and ти. Оne cannot meet a notion of two сымзы poles in the ethnographic literature. (Chomič 1966: 106) (TaS, KL)
    kallas stänger, hka[hvilka] äro uppställda å ömse sidor om härden. De löpa till draghålet[rökhålet]
 The parts of the Samoyed tent (meäh)
  1. Saarowáh. The two strongest poles are set up first. The rest arranged around them are called:
  2. Uh.
  1. Double reindeer skins are spread around the poles,
    those on the inner side with the fur side facing inwards, those on the outside with the fur side facing outwards. The inner wall is called
  1. Myikóh, the outer
  1. Jeejéh
  1. Siejéh, the wall on both sides of
    the door (njoh).TN нë ʻdoor of the tent’ The wall opposite the door is called
  2. Sii'ih
    3. Wau, the beds and the wall next to them.
    1. The hearth, tjymju consists of an iron plate.
    2. On both sides of the hearth there is a floor, three or four flat boards – Laatah – joined together. Behind the laata there are the beds. Made like this: first, a straw mat, Uuntjer is placed on the snow, and over it, a mat braided from (birch or) willow twigs; it is called Hunjier and the reindeer hides are set on it. Sheepskins, bought from the Russians, are used as blankets (the Samoyeds sleep completely naked).
    3. Saaruah, the smoke hole in the tent.
    4. Sinsih, the poles which are erected on each sides of the hearth. They go to the smoke hole.