My great grandfather

.
(36-1)   
c'O:l'E-d     omni:     SoromE-pul     met     qa:qa:     es'e:-dE    
ancient-GEN   people   man-PL   I   grandfather   father-3  
emd'E     l'e:-l'El-Ni.    
younger.sibling   be-EV-3PL  

In the time of ancient people lived my great grandfather's younger brothers.

Comment:
The word SoromEpul does not bear any case or postpositional marking.


.
(36-2)   
tuda:     tude-l-dE     ningE-j     O:-n'E-j.    
earlier   he-NOM-DP   many-IMPF.PART   child-PROPR-3SG  

He had a lot of children then.

Comment:
It is unclear to whom this sentence refers.


.
(36-3)   
ta-N     O:r-pE-p-ki     d'e:tEGE     met     emej     ta-N-pE-n'E    
that-ATTR   child-PL-PL-3   still   I   mother   that-ATTR-PL-COM  
n'E=SoromE-n'-u-t     c'umut     ej-r-o:-Ni.    
REC-man-PROPR-0-SS.IMPF   all   walk-NONIT-RES-3PL  

All these children lived together with the family of my mother.


.
(36-4)   
d'E     ta:     jo:bi:     ej-rE-t     qon-u-ji:-t     c'O:l'E-d    
DP   there   forest   walk-NONIT-SS.IMPF   go-0-ITER-SS.IMPF   ancient-GEN  
omni:     tite     pugO-mE     na:r     eks'il'-E     qa:rbEs-E    
people   like   summer-TEMP   always   boat-INSTR   boat-INSTR  
unuN-gEt     unuN-Nin     n'E=ma:lE-GudE     ej-rE-t     tittE-l     aj    
river-ABL   river-DAT   REC-both-ADV.DIR   walk-NONIT-SS.IMPF   they-NOM   also  
eg-u-Zu-nun-l'El-Ni     qorqEn-aNil'-gEn     neluc'o:-pE-gEn     kOZedEn-pE-gEn     n'a:s'pEn-pE-gEn     ta:-t    
walk-0-ITER-HAB-EV-3PL   Xorxodon-opening-PROL   Nelucho-PL-PROL   Shamanixa-PL-PROL   Popovka-PL-PROL   there-ADV.ABL  
ti:     c'a:qEdEn-gEn     paGul     pad-u-t     mon-u-t.    
here   Jasachnaja-PROL   seine.net   put-0-SS.IMPF   say-0-SS.IMPF  

They travelled to see each other through the forests like ancient people. In summer they always traveled from one river to another on a Russian boat to set up seign nets. They travelled on the Korkodon, Nelucho, Shamanixa, Popovka, and Jasachnaja.

Comment:
On eks'il' and qa:rbEs see (19-6). Korkodon, Nelucho, Shamanixa, Popovka, and Jasachnaja are the small local rivers; in the text they are referred to by their Yukaghir names.


.
(36-5)   
omo-s'E     s'i:lE-j     pulut     o:-l'El,     iNd'i:-n'E-j     pulut.    
good-IMPF.PART   strength-IMPF.PART   old.man   be-EV   sinew-PROPR-IMPF.PART   old.man  

He was a very strong man.

Comment:
Apparently one of the great grandfather's younger brothers is meant.


.
(36-6)   
ta-N-da:     mit     SoromE-pul     niNe:ge:l-pE     dolganov     solncev    
that-ATTR-there   we   man-PL   between-PL   Dolganov   Solncev  
mon-u-t     Salug'in     mon-u-t     tamun-pE     c'isc'E     c'umu    
say-0-SS.IMPF   Shalugin   say-0-SS.IMPF   that-PL   completely   all  
SoromE-n'-u-t     l'E-j     pulut.    
man-PROPR-0-SS.IMPF   be-IMPF.PART   old.man  

The old man was a relative of all our people in Nelemnoe, of the Solncevs and Shalugins.

Comment:
Dolganovs, Solncevs and Shalugins are Yukaghir families in Nelemnoe. The word monut is here used as a postposition.


.
(36-7)   
l'E     adil=No:t     kud-u-j-o:-l     O:-No:=No:t     am-dE-din     l'E-t    
DP   fellow-TRANS   become-0-ITER-RES-AN   child-V-TRANS   die-INTR-SUP   be-SS.IMPF  
tamun-gElE     El=pundu-l-bEd-Ek.    
that-ACC   NEG-tell-AN-N-PRED  

Although he became a grown up fellow, he almost died at a young age. He used to tell about it.

Comment:
The use of the negation El= is unclear.


.
(36-8)   
an-da:     qa:qa:     numO-n'E-j     me:stE-gE     jaqa-i:li.    
PRON-there   grandfather   house-PROPR-IMPF.PART   place-LOC   reach-1PL  

"We came to the place where there was a bear hole."

Comment:
In this sentence the speaker switches to direct speech.


.
(36-9)   
SoromE     l'EgE     l'e:-nu-l'El     Ojl'e:-l-o:-dE-jnE,     mol'-l'El.    
man   DP   be-IMPF-EV   no-0-RES-3-DS.COND   say-EV  

He thought: "Is there a bear here?"

Comment:
The word SoromE 'man' here refers to the bear.


.
(36-10)   
tude     l'E-gi     maGil-gi     [ja:-n]     ataq-u-n     nuge-n'E-j    
he.GEN   be-3   coat-3   three-ATTR   two-0-ATTR   arm-PROPR-IMPF.PART  
c'omo:lbEn     qa:r-E     l'E-j-bEd-Ek,     jolo-Gu     la:G-E-t     ta:-t-me:-d'o:n    
elk   skin-INSTR   be-IMPF.PART-N-PRED   back-ADV.DIR   to-0-ADV.ABL   there-ADV.ABL-QUAL-SUBN  
moro-dEllE     mon-u-t     dinna:q     maGil-Ek.    
put.on-SS.PERF   say-0-SS.IMPF   indeed   coat-PRED  

His coat was made of two-finger thick elk skin. This was a coat that one puts on from the back.

Comment:
Yukaghir coats called maGil were made of leather. Winter coats were decorated with fur. The coats were fastened in the front with leather strips but seamed down the back. This is what is meant herer by "a coat that one puts on from the back". The woman's coat differed very little from the man's coat. Both men and women used to wear aprons or breats-cloths under the coat. Women decorated them with metal pendants called melut-pod'orqE literally 'breast sun'.


.
(36-11)   
tO:n     moro-dEllE     an-da:     l'E-dE-gE     aNil'-dE-gE     mod-a:-nu-l'El    
that   put.on-SS.PERF   PRON-there   be-3-LOC   opening-3-LOC   sit-INCH-IMPF-EV  
jolo-GudE     qoZidElbE-gEn     moj-t     tude     c'obinE-gElE.    
back-ADV.DIR   armpit-PROL   hold-SS.IMPF   he.GEN   spear-ACC  

He put it on and sat down by the entrance holding his spear under his arm on his back.


.
(36-12)   
c'obinE-lE     ta:     ej-tE-s'-nu-l'El-u-m.    
spear-ACC   there   get-TR-ITER-IMPF-EV-0-TR.3SG  

He took his spear.


.
(36-13)   
kel-dE-jnE     tamun     tude     c'obinE-lE     El=u:-SE-t     bojs'E    
come-3-DS.COND   that   he.GEN   spear-ACC   NEG-do-CAUS-SS.IMPF   completely  
El=ke:-s'o:n     jolo-GudE     peSSEj-m,     ta:     nug-u-nnu-l'El-u-m.    
NEG-come-SUBN   back-ADV.DIR   throw-TR.3SG   there   find-0-IMPF-EV-0-TR.3SG  

When a bear came he did not move his spear. He didn't approach the bear, but threw the spear back, and so killed it.

Comment:
In the hunters' taboo language nug- 'to find' means 'to kill'. C'obinE is a spear used to kill large animals, especially reindeer.


.
(36-14)   
l'E-NidE     l'E-j     l'E-gElE     c'aG-u-ji:-l     l'E-gElE     qa:qa:-gElE    
be-SS.COND   be-IMPF.PART   be-ACC   cut-0-ITER-AN   be-ACC   grandfather-ACC  
tamun-gElE     tude     l'E-lE     {patron}-E     mon-nun-nu-Ni     juk-o:-d'E    
that-ACC   he.GEN   be-INSTR   cartridge-INSTR   say-HAB-IMPF-3PL   small-V-IMPF.PART  
unuN-de:-gE     ...    
river-DIM-LOC   ...  

He also killed a bear that was crossing the river. They said there were no cartridges on the small river.

Comment:
The meaning of this sentence is unclear.


.
(36-15)   
{patron}     abu-S-tEllE     tabud-E     paj-nun-nu-l'El     me:kE     El=joq-tE-s'O:n.    
cartridge   container-CAUS-SS.PERF   that-INSTR   hit-HAB-IMPF-EV   close   NEG-reach-TR-PRIV  

He took some cartridges and shot with them before the bear approached closer.


.
(36-16)   
joboGE-gEt     min-dEllE     ti-NidE     kes'i:-nun-nu-m.    
back-ABL   take-SS.PERF   this-ADV.DIR   bring-HAB-IMPF-TR.3SG  

He took it by its back and brought here.


.
(36-17)   
jolo-GudE     a:-s'i:-nun-nu-m.    
back-ADV.DIR   make-ITER-HAB-IMPF-TR.3SG  

He carried it back.


.
(36-18)   
c'omo:lbEn-gElE     Ond'E-gElE     Ord'E-dE-gEn     l'E-llE     tamun-gElE     c'umu    
elk-ACC   male-ACC   middle-3-PROL   be-SS.PERF   that-ACC   all  
paj-e:-t     qa:rbEs-l'El-u-m,     jo:bi:     ta-NidE     eleji:-nu-l'El-u-m.    
lift-TR-SS.IMPF   boat-EV-0-TR.3SG   forest   that-ADV.DIR   carry-IMPF-EV-0-TR.3SG  

He used to cut an elk male in half, load it on a Russian boat and carry it to the forest.

Comment:
The word qa:rbEs- 'Russian boat' here functions as a verb.


.
(36-19)   
irk-i-d'E     qojl     numO     uj-a:-gE     para:-pE-dE-gE     ta-N    
one-0-FREQ   God   house   do-INCH-DS   time-PL-3-LOC   that-ATTR  
pulut     aj     O:-No:-l'El-tE-j.    
old.man   also   child-V-EV-FUT-3SG  

Once when the old man was still young, they started building a church.

Comment:
In this sentence the relative clause is atypically expressed by the Different-Subject Converb.


.
(36-20)   
qojl     numO-n     {samIj}     joNs'E     c'omm-o:-l     joNs'E-dE-jlE    
God   house-GEN   most   bell   big-V-AN   bell-3-ACC  
orp-e:-NilE-bEn     ta:     {kr'est}     ege-tE-s'-nu-l'El-bEn     l'E-p-tE-jlE     ja:-n    
go.up-TR-PERF.PART.3PL-N   there   cross   stand-TR-ITER-IMPF-EV-N   be-PL-3-ACC   three-ATTR  
kunel'     molGE-ilek-u-n     {m'etr}-E-n'-i     jugul     Sa:l-Ek     nado-No:-nu-l'El.    
ten   six-four-0-ATTR   meter-0-PROPR-IMPF.PART   tall.tree   tree-PRED   needed-V-IMPF-EV  

They hung the biggest church bell. They needed a thirty eight meter long tree to erect a cross.

Comment:
The syntax of this sentence is unclear.


.
(36-21)   
tamun-gElE     molGa:-n     SoromE=No:t     joNs'-e:-l'-e:-l'El-Na:.    
that-ACC   six-ATTR   man-TRANS   bell-TR-0-INCH-EV-TR.3PL  

Six people hung this bell.


.
(36-22)   
jaqa-pE     ja:-n     SoromE     o:-l'El-Ni,     odu-pE     ja:-n    
Yakut-PL   three-ATTR   man   be-EV-3PL   Yukaghir-PL   three-ATTR  
SoromE     o:-l'El-Ni     eks'il'-E.    
man   be-EV-3PL   boat-INSTR  

There were three Yakuts and three Yukaghirs on a boat.


.
(36-23)   
d'E     ta:-t     qoN-Ni-dE-gE     ti:     mit     unuN-gEn    
DP   there-ADV.ABL   go-PL-3-DS   here   we   river-PROL  
c'a:qEdEn     unuN-gEn     qon-u-t     ojdEGE-tkE     mon-u-t     pujd-o:-l    
Jasachnaja   river-PROL   go-0-SS.IMPF   shallow.place-AUG   say-0-SS.IMPF   channel-RES-AN  
ojdEGE-tkE     jevraZka     lej-di:-bEd-Ek.    
shallow.place-AUG   Jevrazhka   know-TR-N-PRED  

When they went along our river Jasachnaja, they knew a shallow place with channels called Jevrazhka.


.
(36-24)   
ta:     irk-i-n     Sa:l     qod-o:-l'El-tE-j,     jO:-l'El-Ni.    
there   one-0-ATTR   tree   lie-RES-EV-FUT-3SG   see-EV-3PL  

They had seen a tree lying there.


.
(36-25)   
tamun     qam-u-n     mend'E-k     mon-u-t,     jO:-dEllE     tO:d-Ek    
that   how.many-0-ATTR   fathom-PRED   say-0-SS.IMPF   see-SS.PERF   that-PRED  
ti-N     l'E-t-u-l,     moN-Ni.    
this-ATTR   be-FUT-0-SF   say-3PL  

They thought how many yards it was and decided that it would do.

Comment:
Men'd'E is literally 'sazhen', the old Russian measure of length of about two meters, which roughly corresponds to 'fathom'.


.
(36-26)   
ti-N     c'oq-tEllE     je:-rE-S-lu-kEnE     tO:n     l'E-t-i.    
this-ATTR   cut-SS.PERF   float-NONIT-CAUS-1/2-DS.COND   that   be-FUT-3SG  

"If we cut it and float it down, it will do."


.
(36-27)   
an-da:     qojl     numO     uj-din     ta:-t-me:     Sa:l    
PRON-there   God   house   do-SUP   there-ADV.ABL-QUAL   tree  
nu:-jE     SoromE     qoj-n     numO     l'E-gE     O:l'-gE    
find-IMPF.PART   man   God-GEN   house   be-LOC   edge-LOC  
ta:     [Ojl'E]     Ojl'E-dE-jnE     ta:     pOn'-i:-nu-l'El-Na:,     aji:    
there   no   no-3-DS.COND   there   put-TR-IMPF-EV-TR.3PL   also  
poNdE-lE     en-rE-gE     [tadi:-nu-l'El-Ni]     tadi:-nu-l'El-Ni.    
money-ACC   live-TR-DS   give-IMPF-EV-3PL   give-IMPF-EV-3PL  

While the people who found the tree for building a church were absent, the others put it by the church and gave money to those who would guard it.

Comment:
The word ta:tme: remains uninflected.


.
(36-28)   
ta:-t-bEn     o:-gE-n.    
there-ADV.ABL-N   be-HORT-3SG  

Let it be so.


.
(36-29)   
ta:     nu:-l'El-Na:.    
there   find-EV-TR.3PL  

But the first people found it there.


.
(36-30)   
odu-pE     ke:je:-n     kel-dEllE     unuN-gE     c'aj     o:ZE-din    
Yukaghir-PL   before-ADV   come-SS.PERF   river-LOC   tea   drink-SUP  
modo-Ni-dE-gE     jaqa-pE     kel-dEllE     ta-N     Sa:l     bude:    
sit-PL-3-DS   Yakut-PL   come-SS.PERF   that-ATTR   tree   on  
l'e:-l'El-Ni.    
be-EV-3PL  

The Yukaghirs came first to the river and sat down to drink tea. When the Yakuts came they were sitting on that tree.

Comment:
This episode reflects the traditional rivalry between the Yukaghirs and Yakuts.


.
(36-31)   
jaqa-l'El-Ni,     en-di:     l'e:-l'El-Ni     mol'-l'El-Ni     minnE,     odu-pE-gEt    
reach-EV-3PL   PRON-here   be-EV-3PL   say-EV-3PL   apparently   Yukaghir-PL-ABL  
ono-t     min-dEllE     kOud-ej-tE-j     mon-u-t.    
steal-SS.IMPF   take-SS.PERF   take.away-PERF-FUT-TR.1PL   say-0-SS.IMPF  

Apparently the Yakuts said: "Here it is, look! We will take it from the Yukaghirs and carry it away."


.
(36-32)   
...     ta-N     met     pulut     qa:qa:     i:s'E-dE-gEt    
...   that-ATTR   I   old.man   grandfather   point-3-ABL  
min-dEllE     unuN     laNi     s'i:lE-s'-n'-u-t     a:-s'i:-l'El-u-m     paj-aj-dEllE.    
take-SS.PERF   river   to   strength-ITER-PROPR-0-SS.IMPF   make-ITER-EV-0-TR.3SG   lift-PERF-SS.PERF  

Then my great-grandfather took the end of the tree, lifted it and dragged it with his strength to the river along the river bank.


.
(36-33)   
ta:-t     tude-l     pujlE-Nin     qol'-l'El.    
there-ADV.ABL   he-NOM   channel-DAT   go-EV  

Then he went to his channel.


.
(36-34)   
d'E     ta:-t     tude     kenmE-pul-Nin,     ta:s'ilE     c'aj    
DP   there-ADV.ABL   he.GEN   friend-PL-DAT   then   tea  
o:ZE-llE     El=omdu-dEllE     O:r-pE     c'aj     o:ZE-llE     l'E-llE    
drink-SS.PERF   NEG-hurry-SS.PERF   child-PL   tea   drink-SS.PERF   be-SS.PERF  
jeremE-S-tEllE     o:Zi:     laNi-n     l'E-j     pOme-gE-dej-tE-j.    
log-CAUS-SS.PERF   water   to-ADV.LAT   be-TR.1PL   roll-ITER-PERF-FUT-TR.1PL  

He said to his companions: "Guys, don't be in a hurry drinking tea. We will cut it into logs and roll it towards the water."

Comment:
The word 'said' is missing here.


.
(36-35)   
[ti:-nE     jaqa-llE]     ti:-nE     jaqa-dEllE     e-di-N     [Sa:-dE]    
here-ADV.LOC   reach-SS.PERF   here-ADV.LOC   reach-SS.PERF   PRON-this-ATTR   tree-3  
Sa:-gElE     ti-N     c'oq-tE-j,     en-di:     tO:n     mit    
tree-ACC   this-ATTR   cut-FUT-TR.1PL   PRON-here   that   we  
Sa:l     mon-u-t.    
tree   say-0-SS.IMPF  

He said: "We will arrive there and cut that tree, because this is our tree."

Comment:
The word monut is here a complementizer.


.
(36-36)   
ta:-t     mend'E-lE     pOn'-i:-l'El-Na:.    
there-ADV.ABL   fathom-ACC   put-TR-EV-TR.3PL  

They measured it.

Comment:
On men'd'E see (36-25).


.
(36-37)   
ta-N-da:     tamun     jola:     ta-N     Sa:l     laNi    
that-ATTR-there   that   after   that-ATTR   tree   to  
mE     ta-N     jaqa-pE     uj-l'-e:-l'El-Ni.    
DP   that-ATTR   Yakut-PL   do-0-INCH-EV-3PL  

After that the Yakuts hurried to that tree.


.
(36-38)   
El=ju:kE     El=kude-l'El-Ni.    
NEG-far   NEG-become-EV-3PL  

They didn't get to it.


.
(36-39)   
tamun-gE     ta-N     tittE     Sa:l-gElE     ta:     joq-ta:-l'El-Na:.    
that-LOC   that-ATTR   they.GEN   tree-ACC   there   reach-TR-EV-TR.3PL  

The Yukaghirs carried their tree away.


.
(36-40)   
jaq-t-o:-pE-dE     jola:     an-da:     titt-i-n     qojl     l'E    
reach-TR-RES-PL-3   after   PRON-there   they-0-DAT   God   DP  
mon-u-t     qojl     numO     poNdE-gi     ta:     {punt}    
say-0-SS.IMPF   God   house   money-3   there   pound  
mon-tE-jE     ...     mon-nu-gi     l'E-lEk     ...     mon-nun-nu-Ni.    
say-FUT-1SG   ...   say-IMPF-3   be-PRED   ...   say-HAB-IMPF-3PL  

They brought it and apparently were given money by the church, a few pounds. So they say.

Comment:
The 1SG form of the verb 'say' is unclear.


.
(36-41)   
ta-N     l'E-dE-gEt     tadi:-l'El-Na:     a:s'E-lE     uj-l'-o:-dE     jola:-t,    
that-ATTR   be-3-ABL   give-EV-TR.3PL   reindeer-ACC   do-0-RES-3   after-ADV.ABL  
ta:     qon-tE-llE     qoj-n     numO-n     O:l'-gE     ta:    
there   go-TR-SS.PERF   God-GEN   house-GEN   edge-LOC   there  
pOn'-i:-l'El-Na:.    
put-TR-EV-TR.3PL  

When they brought the tree and put it by the church, they were given reindeer for their work,


.
(36-42)   
tude     sa:m     d'e:tEGE     n'a:s'pEn-gE     a-da:     El=qol-i:    
he.GEN   self   still   Popovka-LOC   PRON-there   NEG-noise-TR  
ugurc'Era:     lon-c'i:-t     ej-rE-t     ta:     omon     l'e:-l'El,    
poplar   take.down-ITER-SS.IMPF   walk-NONIT-SS.IMPF   there   just   be-EV  
iNZ-u:-l'El.    
sleep-INTR-EV  

And he himself went quietly on Popovka to cut poplar trees and there he died.

Comment:
The verb 'sleep' here has the meaning 'die'.


.
(36-43)   
tabud-E     c'em-e:-s'     {vs'o}.    
that-INSTR   finish-PERF-3SG   all  

That's the end.