Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 009

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Title

Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 009

Description

Samojederne delar sig i stammar
(роды),
The picture of Nenets communities began to evolve in the publications based on the Academic expeditions of the 18th century and later in the 19th century, when larger archival materials and First Census data could be used. However, the terms used for the types of Nenets communities derive both from Tundra Nenets practices and notions developed after the colonisation and during the development of taxation. Consequently, the Russian notion rod ‘family’, is strongly connected to the taxation practices. This is also reflected in the fact that the Nenets are listed according to the places where they were due to pay the tribute. The Tundra Nenets equivalents for family-based social categories would be yerkar or tenz. In addition to yerkar and tenz, ngesi ‘camp’, is also of importance: it is an everyday economic and social unit, whereas tenz and yerkar denote larger circles of social ties. Dolgich, Chomič, and Vasilʹev have summarised the often fragmented and variable data concerning the family names and the population numbers, and their conclusions are cited in the commentaries related to names. However, one should keep in mind that the social groups are not as stable as the notions might indicate. (Chomič 1966: 141–144; Chomič 1976: 96; Dolgich 1970; Vasilʹev 1979; Volžanina 2010: 17–24)
och af dem finnas i
Mesenska kretsen
The Mezenʹ uezd was founded in 1780, and it covered a large area from the River Mezenʹ to the Ural Mountains. Administratively, the uezd was part of the Arkhangel’sk oblast’ and Vologodskoe namestničestvo. In addition to the uezd centre, Mezenʹ, the slobodkas of Pustozersk, Ižma, and Ust-Cil’ma represented significant administrative centres. In 1835, the Nenets were given the right of possession of their ancestral lands, which were divided into the Kanin, Timan, and Bolšezmelʹskaja tundras. (Gosudarstvennyj archiv 2000: 264; Trošina & Minčuk 2015)
följande:
 The Samoyeds are divided into tribes (rody), and in the Mezen uezd' there are the following:
I I Pustoserska Sloboden (Пустозерской слободки)

I In Pustosersk Slobodka
  1. Выйчейсскаго
    Vyučeskoj. Vyučeskoj corresponds to the TN family Выуци or Вууци and Ңууциʹ; also Выуческойʹʹ. (Chomič 1966: 151; Chomič 1976: 103; Tereščenko 2003: 63, 405.)
    (рода)
  2. Лохейсскаго
    Lochejsskoj. Also Logej, Lècheci, Lagejskoj, Lochejsskij. Corresponds to the TN family Лэхэ, fe. Лэхэй; also Лагейскойʹʹ. (Chomič 1966: 151; Chomič 1976: 105; Tereščenko 2003: 170, 206)
  3. Ноготыссiи
    Nogotyssij. Corresponds to TN Нохо’ Тысъя, fe. Нохоʹ Тысъиʹ; also Ноготысыи. A branch of the Тысъя family (Dolgich 1970: 9–10; Chomič 1976: 105; Tereščenko 2003: 683).
  4. Тысссiи
    TN Тысъя. One of the six main branches of the European Nenets families (Dolgich 1970: 9–10; Chomič 1976: 108).
  5. Канинскаго (берега) hör numera ej till Pustozersk
  6. Таибары
    Tajbarej. Corresponds to TN Тайбарей, fe. Тайбариʹ. (Chomič 1976: 108; Tereščenko 2003: 616)
  1. Vyučejsskoj
  2. Lochejsskoj
  3. Nogotyssij
  4. Tyssij
  5. [The shores of] Kanin no longer belongs to Pustozersk
  6. Taibary
II. Устцылемской слободки.

II In Ustcylemsk slobodka
  1. Хатанзейскаго
    Chantanzejskij. Chantanzejskij corresponds to TN Хэтанзи, fe. Хэтанзиʹ. Хэтанзи is one of the six main branches of the European Nenets families. (Dolgich 1970: 9–10; Chomič 1966: 151; Chomič 1976: 110)
  2. Выучейскаго.
  1. Chatanzejskij
  2. Vyučesskoj
III. При Ижемской Слободке III. In Ižemsk Slobodka
  1. Хатанзейскаго
  2. Выучейскаго.
  3. Вануйти.
    Vanujta. Also Vanjuta, Vanojta. TN Ванойта, fe. Ванойʹ, Ванойтиʹ or Ванюта represents one of the six main branches of the European Nenets families. It has also been suggested to represent one of the exogamic groups of the Nenets, the other being Харючи. (Chomič 1976: 102–103; Dolgich 1970: 9–14; Tereščenko 2003: 41–42)
  4. Валей
    Valej. Corresponds to TN Валейской, Валеев. According to Dolgich, Valej is descended from Вэли (Вэʹʹли). Вэли represents one of the six main branches of the Nenets families. Again according to Chomič, the Вэли are a sub-branch of the Vanjuita. (Chomič 1976: 103; Dolgich 1980: 9–10; 55–59; Tereščenko 2003: 38)
  5. Тiунскаго
    Tiunskij refers to the Timanskij or Timan tundra; see notes [Timan tundra, Малая земля (Laptah)] and [Kaninska].
    и «ej mera»
  6. Тиманскаго (берегов) «ej mera»
  1. Chatanzejskij
  2. Vyučejskoj
  3. Vanujti
  4. Valej
  5. In (the shores of) Tiunsk and «not any more»
  6. Timan «not any more»
Samojed-skatten
The natives had paid the tribute (Ru yasak) in furs since the colonisation of the North and Siberia. Furs were one of the main exports of Russia and vital for the Empire’s economy. A regular amount of tax, consisting of both money and furs, was set after the 1822 Regulation for the administration of the natives or Speranskijʼs reform (Ustav ob upravlenii inorodcev). The 1835 law “On the administration of Samoyeds living in the Mezen’ district of the Arkhangel’sk region” (Ustav ob upravlenii samoedami, obitajuščimi v Mezenskom uezde Arxangelʹskoj gubernii) is roughly parallel to Speranskij’s reform, but concerns the Nenets living in the European Arctic. (Bachrušin 1955: 49–85; Forsyth 1992: 38–42; 156 Damešek & Remnev 2007 (eds.): 215-235)
är nu 3 Rub 30 kop, förut 3R, 30 och
för friska personer dessutom 2 hudar af ren eller
псець.
Ru pesec TN ңохо ʻArctic fox’ (Alopex lagopus Linnaeus).

äfven sjuklingar betalte 3 Rub. 30 kop.

The Samoyed tax is at the moment 3 roubles 30 kopecks, formerly 3R 30 and additionally two reindeer hides or псець for a healthy person. The sick also paid 3 roubles 30 kopecks.