HomeVerbal paradigms NP

Verbal paradigms NP

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Editor’s introduction

The editor’s lexeme before each paradigm shows the phonologic form of the verb in that particular dialect, and contains a link to the base lexeme in the vocabulary.

Text in black is Castrén’s (original or translated into English, sometimes both, separated by a slash), text in grey is the editor’s.

286

1. Verbs that in the stem end on a consonant take as auxiliary vowel э, e.g. siernak [sic, -k]: 2D -nэli, pännam: -nêli.

2. Those on э (i.e. an unaccented vowel) take ă, e.g. condap [sic, -p]: 2D -dăli.

3. Those on accented vowel take á, e.g. lerimbang: 2D -mb‹á›li.

Aorist

Objective conjugation

ćātəkku-

1S čaadakkuwam 315 2S čaadakkuwal 3S -kkuat
1D -kkuwo 2D -kkuwali


ńō-

1S njoggàm I chase it 320 2S njoggàl 3S njouat
1D njooggo 2D njowэli 3D njowэdi
1P -ggot 2P -wэlэt 3P -ggádet


pū-

1S puuggam задуваю 321 2S -ggal 3S -gát, puuwat
1D -ggo 2D -wэli (-gэli) 3D -wэdi
1P -ggot 2P -wэlэt (-gэlэt) 3P -ggádэt


pē-

1S peiggam I search it 321 2S -ggal 3S peigat
1D -ggo 2D -gэli 3D -gэdi


mi-

1S miggam I gave it 321 2S -ggal 3S -gat
1D miggo 2D migэli


ī-

1S iiggam I took it 321 2S iiggal 3S iiggàt [sic, -gg-]
1D iiggo 2D iig‹э›li 3D iigэdi
1P iiggot 2P iigэlэt 3P iiggádэt


ćātə-

1S čaattam I lit it 313 2S -ttal 3S -ttэt
1D -tto 2D čaattăli 3D -ttădi
1P -ttot 2P -ttălaэt 3P -ttădaэt


k͔ājə-

1S kaaigam закрыл 322 2S -gal 3S -gэt
1D -go 2D -gêli etc.


ćōntə-

1S čóndam I covered it 313 2S -dal 3S -dэt
1D -do 2D -dăli 3D -dadi
1P -dot 2P -dălэt 3P -dadэt


te̮wə-

1S tävvam I bought it 322 2S tävval 3S tävved [sic]
1D tävvo 2D tävvэli


ćatänčə-

1S tjattindšam I’ll light it 313 2S -dšal 3S -dšэt
1D -dšo 2D -dšali 3D -dšadi
1P -dšot 2P -dšálát 3P -dšadat


ćātəmpi-

1S tjaadámbam зажег, горить 314
1D -mbáwi
1P -mbáwát

Subjective conjugation

ē-

1S eiggang I am 324 2S eiggand 3S eng
1D eggo (eiggo) 2D eigэli 3D éiggaǥi
1P eiggot 2P eigэlêt 3P eiggadэt


lak͔ə-

1S lak͔k͔ang I work 320 2S -k͔k͔and 3S lak͔k͔an
1D lak͔k͔o 2D lak͔k͔ăli 3D lak͔k͔ădi
1P lak͔k͔ot


ūćə-

1S úttjang работаю 317 2S uttjand 3S uutjang
1D uuttjo 2D uuttjăli 3D uutjăǥî
1P úttjot 2P uuttjálэt 3P uuttjadэt


ilə-

1S illang живу 322 2S illand 3S ilang
1D illó 2D illali 3D illàǥe
1P illut 2P illalэt


ēnčə-

1S endšàng I’ll be 324 2S endšànd 3S éndšang
1D endšó 2D endšăli 3D endšage
1P endšot 2P endšălэt 3P endšádêt


le̮rimpi-

1S lerimbang боюсь 320, 286 2S lerimbánd 320 3S lerimbá
1D lerimbáwi 2D leribáli [sic] 320, -mbáli 286 3D lerimbáǥi 320
1P lerimbáwat 2P lerimbálat 3P lerimbadat


sēr-

1S siernang (-nn-) I entered 320 2S siernand (-nn-) 3S siern
1D sierno 2D siernэli 3D siernàǥe
1P siernot 2P siernэlэt 3P siernadэt

Preterite

Objective conjugation

ńō-

1S njossam 320


ćātə-

1S čaadêsám 313 2S -êsál 3S -êsεt (-ê-ê-)
1D -êso 2D -êsáli 3D -êsádi
1P -êsot 2P -êsálat 3P -êsadat


ćatänčə-

1S tjattindšêssam I was going to light it 313 2S -dšêssal etc.


ćātəkku-

1S č̢aadakkusam 315


ćatəmpi-

1S tjaadambĭssam I had lit it 314 2S -bissal 3S -bisat
1D -bis‹s›u

Subjective conjugation

ē-

1S eissang 324 2S eissand 3S es or eissan
1D eisso 2D eʃэli (esэli) 3D eissaǥe
1P eissot 2P ésэlэt 3P eisʃadэt


le̮rimpi-

1S lerimbissang 320 2S -bissand 3S -bis
1D -bisso 2D -bissali 3D -bissaǥe
1P -bissut 2P -bissэlэt (-êlêt) 3P -bissadэt

Future

Objective conjugation

ćātə-

1S tjaadêlipsi 313 2S -lissi 3S -lêssi
1D tjaadaэllóssi 2D -êlilásʃi 3D -êlédisi

[For the desiderative tjattindšam:] Future is missing 313.

Subjective conjugation

ē-

1S ellaksi 324 2S ellindesi 3S (eillesi)

Latentive

ćātänčə-

1S tjaattíndšendam зажигаю (from “future or inchoative” [desiderative] tjattindšam) 314

Conjunctive

Objective conjugation

ćātəkku-

1S čādakkunnim 315


ćātə-

1S čaatêním 313 2S -tэnil 3S -tэnít
1D -tэníwi 2D -tэníli 3D -tênídi
1P -tэniwat NB. 2P -ílat 3P -ídat


ćātəmpi-

1S tjaadambínnim 314

Subjective conjugation

ē-

1S einning 324 2S -nind 3S ‹e›e‹i›nni, einni


te̮wə-

1S tävvening 322


le̮rimpi-

1S lerimbínning 320

Conditional

[Not paradigmized by Castrén]

3SS ēmmə used as adverb: kaij‿ém [anything] 301.

Imperative

Objective conjugation

ńō-

2S njoodэ 321
3S njoowijemd (-wiemd)


ćātəkku-

2S čaadakkut 315
3S -kkujamda


ćātə-

2S tjaattit 314 2D tjaattali 2P tjāttalat
3S tjaadiemda 3D tjaadiámdi 3P tjaadiámdát


k͔ājə-

2S k͔ājit! 322


te̮wə-

2S tävvit 322
3S tävviemdá


[For the desiderative tjattindšam:] Imperative is missing 313.


ćātəmpi-

2S tjaadambit 314
3S [tjaada]-mbiamd


üt-

2S yttэ пей! 336

Subjective conjugation

ē-

2S egak 324 2D egэli
3S egi 3P iegiamttэ


ūćə-

2S uutják! 318


le̮rimpi-

2S lerimbak! 320


lak͔ə-

2S lák͔ak 320


sēr-

2S siera͑k 320

NB. The former [siera͑k] end in the stem on a consonant, and therefore takes -э-. The others, on a half vowel [schwa], take -ă-. Also, those on an accented vowel take -á- 320.

2S forms: k͔uenàk go, aamdăk! sit, ippăk! lie, wäsák rise, čaačák! walk, paldjuk ходи. 336