Home > Verbal paradigms Baiha
Verbal paradigms Baiha
Contents
Editor’s introduction
The editor’s lexeme before each paradigm shows the phonologic form of the verb in that particular dialect, and contains a link to the base lexeme in the vocabulary.
Text in black is Castrén’s (original or translated into English, sometimes both, separated by a slash), text in grey is the editor’s.
Personal endings
Objective
1S |
-ám 378, 383 |
2S |
-ál |
3S |
(-îd) -ed |
1D |
-ei |
2D |
(-îli) -eli |
3D |
-îdi = -edi |
1P |
(-îmen) -emen |
2P |
-îlen (-elen) |
3P |
-áden |
NB. Accent on 1S, 2S, and 3P.
Subjective
1S |
-ang 383 |
2S |
-and |
3S |
-a |
1D |
-ei |
2D |
-eli |
3D |
-áge |
1P |
-emen |
2P |
-elen |
3P |
-áden |
Aorist
Objective conjugation
Fixed vowel stems
ćātəkku-
1S |
tjaadekungàm 380 |
2S |
-ngàl |
3S |
-nged |
1D |
-ngei |
2D |
-ngeli |
3D |
-ngedi |
1P |
-ngĕmen |
2P |
-ngĕlen |
3P |
-ngáden (-e- lacks accent 380) |
ńō-
1S |
njongam I chase it 382 |
2S |
njongal |
3S |
njonged |
1D |
-ngei |
2D |
-ngeli |
3D |
-ngedi |
1P |
-ngemen |
2P |
-ngelen |
3P |
-ngáden |
pē-
1S |
peengam I seek it 382 |
2S |
péngal |
3S |
pénged |
1D |
peengei etc. |
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Schwa stems
ćātə-
1S |
tjaadam 378 |
2S |
tjaadal |
3S |
tjaatîd (-inged) |
1D |
tjaatei |
2D |
tjaatîli |
3D |
tjaatîdi |
1P |
tjaatîmen |
2D |
tjaatîlen |
3P |
tjaatádet (-n) |
ki̮rə-
1S |
kîram снял 383 |
2S |
kîral |
3S |
kîrîd |
1D |
kirei |
2S |
kîrîli |
3D |
kîrîdi |
1P |
kîrîmen |
2S |
kirîlen |
3P |
kîráden |
koräjə- & koräćə-
1S |
koréjam = -tjam скроил 386 |
2S |
-jal = -tjal |
3S |
koreid = -tjîd |
1D |
korédjei |
2D |
korédjeli |
|
|
počäjə- & počäćə-
1S |
počejam or -tjam I pierced it 386 |
2S |
-jal |
3S |
počeid |
1D |
početjei |
2D |
početjeli |
3D |
početjedi |
1P |
-tjemen |
2P |
-tjeden [sic] |
3P |
-tjadetn |
tōk͔əlčə-
1S |
tógoldšam читал? 381 |
2S |
-dšal |
3S |
-dšedš NB. |
1D |
-dšei |
2D |
-dšeli |
3D |
-dšedši |
1P |
-dšemen |
2P |
-dšeden [sic] |
3P |
-dšádšen |
k͔āńə-
1S |
k͔aanjam I covered it 383 |
2S |
-njal |
3S |
-njed |
1D |
-njei etc. |
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|
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məććə-
1S |
˜muetjam I lifted it 383 |
2S |
muetjal |
3S |
mutjed [sic] (-îd) |
1D |
muetjei |
2D |
muetjeli |
3S |
muetjedi |
1P |
muetjémen |
2P |
muetjélen |
3P |
muetjáden |
ćātəmpə-
1S |
tjaadembam (-bambam) огонь н[акладено,] горит 380 |
2S |
-bal |
3S |
-bád |
1D |
-bei |
2D |
-bĕli |
3D |
-bĕdi |
1P |
-bámen |
2P |
-bálen |
3P |
-báden |
[Desideratives:]
ćatänčə-
[As alternative to future 378]
1S |
tjaatändšam or tjaatä́ndšengam зажгу 378, tjaatendšam зажигать хочу 379 |
2S |
-tendšal 378 |
3S |
-tendšedš |
1D |
tjáaténdšei |
2D |
tjaatendšeli |
3D |
tjaatendšedši |
1P |
tjaaténdšemen |
2P |
tjaatendšelen |
3P |
tjaatendšádat |
parččə-
[Labelled future 384]
1S |
parčam = parčengam 384, partčam = parčengam наплету 385 |
parččänčə-
1S |
parčendšam, parčendšengam 384, parčendšam = parčendšéngam 385 |
tārččə-
i̮pk͔əlčə-
1S |
îpk͔aldšam (from îpk͔alnengam) 384 |
i̮pk͔əlčänčə-
Consonant stems
am-
1S |
amnam 385 |
2S |
amnal |
3S |
amned |
1D |
amnei |
2D |
amneli etc. |
|
|
par-
1S |
parnam 384, = parnengam сплел 385 |
2S |
parnal |
3S |
parned |
1D |
parnei |
2D |
parneli |
3S |
parnedi |
1P |
parnemen |
2P |
parnelen |
3P |
parnáden |
tār-
1S |
taarnam (= taarnengam) делил 384 |
i̮pk͔əl-
1S |
îpk͔alnam давил 384 |
2S |
-lnal |
3S |
-lned |
1D |
-lnei |
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|
|
Subjective conjugation
Fixed vowel stems
ēkku-
1S |
eekuang (-ngang) бывал 386 |
2S |
eekuand |
3S |
eekuan |
tū-
1S |
tuungang I row 383 |
2S |
tūngand |
3S |
tunga |
1D |
tungei etc. |
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ē-
1S |
éngang I am 386 |
2S |
éngand |
3S |
énga |
1D |
éngei |
2D |
eengeli |
3D |
eengáge |
1P |
éengemen |
2P |
éengelen |
3P |
eengáden |
Schwa stems
ālćə-
1S |
ălčang I fell 381 |
2S |
alčand (= [durative] alčemand) |
3S |
álča ([latentive] alčend) |
1D |
alčei |
2D |
alčeli (-ыli) |
3D |
alčáǥe |
1P |
alčemen |
2P |
alčelen (-ыlen) |
3P |
alčáden |
ilə-
1S |
ilang I live 384 |
2S |
iland |
3S |
ila |
1D |
ilei |
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pērə-
1S |
peerang I seek 383 |
2S |
peerand |
3S |
peera |
1D |
peerei |
2D |
peerîli |
3D |
-îdi |
1P |
-rîmen |
2P |
-rîlen |
|
|
ippə-
1S |
ippang I lie 382 |
2S |
ippand |
3S |
ippa |
1D |
ippei |
2D |
ippeli (-ы-) |
3D |
ippáge |
1P |
ippamen |
2P |
ippálen |
3P |
ippaden |
ālćəmpə-
[Desideratives:]
śērččə-
1S |
šeerčang I’ll enter 384 |
ilänčə-
1S |
iländšang = -dšengang 384 |
k͔uələććänčə-
1S |
kueletjendšang после промышляю 385 |
sūrəććänčə-
3SS forms: tjáadamba накладено 380, maada tuumba [the door is closed], k͔uetpa [he is killed] 386, tyymba [he has come] 390.
Consonant stems
śēr-
1S |
šérnang I entered 384 |
2S |
šernand |
3S |
šerna |
1D |
šernei |
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k͔uələj-
1S |
kuelenjang I fish 385 |
2S |
-njand |
3S |
-njan |
1D |
-njei |
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sūrəj-
kuəj-
Preterite
[Called pluperfect for verbs of momentane aspect. Examples of formation:]
amnam: apsam, ormnang: ooropsang, suurînjang: surîšang, kuennjang: kuešang [I breathed], parnam: parsam, îpk͔alnam: îpkalsam, aankang: aankesang, tenemam: tenemesam, tukam or tukengam: tukesam, teaktengam: -ktesam, karetjang пристал: -tjesang. NB. The lengthened form [the visible aorist suffix] does not form other tenses 384.
korétjam: korédjesam, počejam: počeisam 386.
Objective conjugation
ćātəkku-
1S |
tjaadekusàm 380 |
2S |
-sàl |
3S |
-kúsed |
1D |
-kúsei |
2D |
-kúseli |
3D |
-kúsedi |
1P |
-kúsemen |
2P |
-kúselen |
3P |
-kusáden |
ńō-
ćātə-
1S |
tjaatesam 378 |
2S |
tjaatesal |
3S |
tjaatesîd |
1D |
tjaatesei |
2D |
tjaateseli |
3D |
tjaatesedi |
1P |
tjaatesemen |
2P |
tjaateselen |
3P |
tjaatesádet (-n) |
k͔āńə-
məććə-
tōk͔əlčə-
1S |
tógoldšesam |
2S |
-dšesal |
3S |
-dšesed etc. |
ki̮rə-
ćātəmpə-
1S |
tjaadembesam 380 |
2S |
-sal |
3S |
-sed |
1D |
-sei |
2D |
-seli |
3D |
-sedi |
1P |
-sámen |
2P |
-selen |
3P |
-saden |
[With ēnä expressing conjunctive:]
Conjunctive is only formed from pluperfect 378.
ćātə-
1S |
tjaatesaméne 378 |
2S |
-saléne |
3S |
-sîdéne |
1D |
-seiéne |
2D |
-seliéne |
3D |
-sediéne |
1P |
-semenéne |
2P |
-selenéne |
3P |
-sádenéne |
am-
Subjective conjugation
ē-
1S |
eesang 386 |
2S |
eesand |
3S |
eesa |
1D |
eesei etc. |
|
|
|
|
ālćə-
1S |
alčesang 381 |
2S |
-sand |
3S |
alčesэ (-e) |
ilə-
1S |
ilesang |
2S |
ilesand |
3S |
ilesэ |
k͔uələj-
1S |
kuelešang 385 |
2S |
-sand |
[With ēnä expressing conjunctive:]
ē-
ālćə-
śēr-
Future
Objective conjugation
ćātə-
[Labelled future]
1S |
tjaateläps я после зажгу 378 |
2S |
tjaateläls(ä) |
3S |
tjaateläts(ä) (-lets or -letes) |
1D |
tjaateläis |
2D |
tjaateleles [deleted: tjaatelälelestes] |
3D |
tjaatelätese (-letese) |
1P |
tjaatelemesэ |
2P |
tjaatelelesʃe |
3P |
tjaatelä́tese |
[Labelled ‘future 2’]
1S |
tjaateläpsэ 379 |
2S |
tjaatelälsэ |
3S |
tjaateletsэ (-letes) |
1D |
tjaateleisэ |
2D |
tjaatelelêsэ |
3D |
tjaateletisэ |
1P |
tjaatelämassэ |
2P |
tjaatelelessэ |
3P |
tjaatelä́dessэ |
NB. mat pîat tjaateläps я может зажгу (pîat from Russian бывает (бывать)).
1S forms: amnam: abläpse I will eat it, îpk͔alnam: îpkalläps I will press it, tenemam: tenemeläps I will know it 385.
Subjective conjugation
ē-
1S |
eelakse 386 |
2S |
eeländes |
3S |
eläsэ (“or [optative] eelä”) |
1D |
eleisэ etc. |
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|
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|
ālćə-
[Labelled ‘future 2’]
1S |
alčeläkse 381 |
2S |
alčeländes |
3S |
alčeläse |
1D |
-leis |
2D |
-lelise |
3D |
-lä́ǥese |
1P |
-lemessэ |
2P |
-lelessэ |
3P |
-lädessэ |
1S forms: kuelenjang: kueleljäkse I will fish, suurînjang: suurîljakse I will hunt, kuennjang: kueljakʃe I will breathe, aankang: aankelákse I will yawn, karetjang: karetjeläks I will land 385, tyyläkse приду 361.
Optative
Objective conjugation
ćātə-
[Labelled ‘future 1’ 379, as alternatives to imperative 378]
1S |
tjaateläm зажгу 379, 378 |
2S |
tjaateläl |
3S |
tjaatelet |
1D |
tjaateléi |
2D |
tjaateleli |
3D |
tjaateledi (-ti) |
1P |
tjaatelämen |
2P |
tjaatelelen |
3P |
tjaatelä́den |
Subjective conjugation
3S eelä 386 (élä‿be, man misamen было бы, я бы отдал / if it was (if I had it), I would have given it 390)
tǖ-
ālćə-
[Labelled future]
[First written 1S [desiderative aorist] alčendšang (deleted: or alčeneng) = alčendšengang]
1S |
alčeläng 381 |
2S |
alčeländ |
3S |
alčelä |
1D |
alčelei |
2D |
-leli |
3D |
-lä́ǥe |
1P |
-lĕmen |
2P |
-lelen |
3P |
-lä́den (-ä́-) |
ilə-
Latentive
Objective conjugation
ćātə-
1S |
tjáadendam наклал огонь (cfr. [desiderative] tjaaténdšam зажгу) 380 |
2S |
-dal |
3S |
-ded |
1D |
-dei |
2D |
-deli |
3D |
-dedi |
1P |
-demen |
2P |
-deden [sic] |
3P |
-dáden |
par-
1S |
param (= parnam = parnengam сплел) 385 |
Subjective conjugation
ē-
1S |
éndang I am 386 |
2S |
énnand |
3S |
énda |
1D |
éndei |
2D |
endeli |
3D |
endáge |
1P |
eendemen |
2P |
eendelen |
3P |
eendáden |
ālćə-
1S |
alčendšang 382 |
2S |
alčennandš |
3S |
alčendš 382, alčend 381 |
1D |
-dšei 382 |
2D |
-dšeli |
3D |
-dšáge |
1P |
-dšemen |
2P |
-dšelen |
3P |
-dšáden |
Conditional
[Not paradigmized by Castrén]
3SS ēmmə used as adverb: k͔ai emä что нибудь / anyhting, kut emä кто нибудь / anyone 372, kuttar émä как нибудь / anyhow 389, kušágan émä когда нибудь / anytime 389.
Imperative
Objective conjugation
ī-
2S |
iit возьми 381 |
2D |
iingeli |
2P |
iingádэ |
3S |
íngijemd |
3D |
iingejemdi |
3P |
ingejä́mden |
ńō-
2S |
njuud 382 |
3S |
njoongemd |
ćātə-
2S |
tjaatäd 378 |
2D |
tjaatengeli or tjaatîli |
2P |
(tjaatengelen) tjaatád |
3S |
tjātengemd |
3D |
tjaatengemdi or tjaateti |
3P |
tjaatengiä́den |
[Optatives are given as alternatives to all forms.]
k͔āńə-
2S |
k͔aanjä́d 383 |
3S |
[sic] k͔aanjengemdi |
tōk͔əlčə-
2S |
tógoldšedš 381 |
2D |
tógoldšengeli |
2P |
-dšádš |
3S |
togoldšengejemd |
3D |
togoldšengemdi |
3P |
-dšengiä́den |
i̮pk͔əl-
2S |
îpkalš 384 |
3S |
[sic] îpkalnemdi |
2S forms: par twine it, taar! share it 384, amd! eat it 385, temäd! buy it, kirä́d! flay it, muetjäd! lift it 383, tenemäd! know it 385.
Subjective conjugation
NB. Imperative second person [singular] is formed for intransitives by -šeng (-ä́šeng): tungä́šeng греби!, aamdä́šeng сиди, kuenä́šeng ходи, ippä́šeng лежи 383, amaräng! eat 383, 384, šeräšeng enter 384, ormäšeng! grow, kuelešäšeng! fish, suurišäšeng hunt, aankäšeng! yawn, karetjäšeng land 385, perä́šeng seek 383.
ē-
2S |
engäšeng (engä́šeng) 386 |
2D |
eengeli |
2P |
eengelen |
3S |
eengejä |
3D |
engejä́ge |
3P |
eengejäden |
ālćə-
2S |
alčeng 382 |
2D |
alčengeli (alčeli) |
2P |
alčád |
3S |
alčengejä |
3D |
alčengejäǥe |
3P |
alčengejäden |
ilə-
2S |
iläšeng! 384 |
3S |
ilengejä |
ippə-
2S |
ippeng, ippä́šeng 382 |
2D |
ippeli (-ы-) |
3S |
ippengejä |
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