Conjugation of nouns
Contents
Editor’s introduction
Nominal predicatives are only scarcely dealt with in the original grammars of N, K and Taz. In GSL, where the corresponding forms are presented for Northern Samoyed, nothing is mentioned about Selkup, nor is there any information in the combined grammar.
Text in black is Castrén’s (original or translated into English, sometimes both, separated by a slash), text in grey is the editor’s.
Narym
“Conjugation with auxiliary verbs”
[Note: The dual and plural forms seem to rather be possessive suffixes.]
gop (k-) person
Present
| 1S | koek я остяк [ɔ: *čúmel-koek I am a Selkup] 200 | 2S | koand | 3S | kup |
| 1D | komi | 2D | kobli | 3S | koog |
| 1P | komut | 2P | kobel [sic] | 3P | kut |
Preterite 1S kong ehak (koškadal guk ehak худый был / I was a bad man)
Future 1S kong elage etc.
| 1S | tundal-gok I am a rower 173 | 2S | -gond | 3S | -gop |
| 1D | -gomi | 2D | -gobli | 3D | -gopka |
| 1P | -gomut | 2P | -goblat | 3P | -gut |
Preterite
| 1S | tundalgong ehak I was a rower | 2S | -gond ehand | 3S | -gop ehan |
| 1D | -gomi ehai | 2D | -gobli eheli | 3D | -gox ehaga |
| 1P | -gomun ehut | 2P | -goblan ehelt | 3P | -gun ehet |
| 1S | rušok (= ruš eak) I am a Russian 200, 141 | 2S | rušond 200 | 3S | ruš |
| 1D | -šmi | 2D | rušli | 3D | rušog |
| 1P | -šut | 2P | rušlet | 3P | rušet |
Preterite 1S rušong ehak
| 1S | tebanjak I am a brother 200 | 2S | -njand | 3S | -nja |
| 1D | -njavi | 2D | -njali |
| 1S | pajak I am a woman 200 | 2S | pajand | 3S | paja |
| 1D | pajawi | 2D | pajageli | 3D | pajaǥ |
| 1P | pajaut | 2P | pajagelt | 3P | pajat |
Preterite 1S pajang‿ehak
[Alternative preterite paradigm:]
| 1S | pajafak 200 | 2S | -fand | 3S | paja |
| 1D | -fai | 2D | -‹f›eli |
[As a present form is also given the verb pajambak я старуха [ɔ: I have become a (mature) woman], future pajamblage]
| 1S | emak я мать [sic, ɔ: I am a wife] 200 | 2S | emand | 3S | ema |
| 1D | emawi | 2D | emageli etc. |
| 1S | tatarok (= tatar eak) I am a Tatar 200, 141 | 2S | -rond 200 | 3S | tatar |
| 1D | tatarmi or -rowi | 2D | -rli | 3D | tataraǥ |
| 1P | tatarmut | 2P | -rlet | 3P | tatara͑t |
Preterite tatarong ehak, future elalge [sic]
| 1S | tungusok I am a Tungus 200 | 2S | -sond or -st | 3S | tungus |
| 1D | -smi, -sowi | 2D | -sti | 3D | tungusoǥ |
| 1P | -smut | 2P | -slet | 3P | tunguset |
| 1S | njöšek I am a master 201 | 2S | njöšend | 3S | njöš |
| 1D | njöšewi, njöši | 2D | njöšegli | 3D | njöšeaǥ |
| 1P | njöšut | 2P | njöšelet | 3P | njöšet |
| 1S | tängedak I am a fool 200 | 2S | -dand | 3S | -da |
| 1D | -davi | 2D | -dali | 3D | -daǥ |
| 1P | -daut | 2P | -dalet | 3P | -dat |
†kok chief: †kuuak [I am a chief] [The form is meant to demonstrate the effect of the ‘to be’ verb on the preceding predicate, like the preceding example †sabek lightly: †sabeak I am light. The form is however clearly a nominal predicative, although it is missing in the original grammars.] G154.
Ob
2S k͔ai suwa goond какой добрый человек / what a good person you are 448.
MO
1S seigede‿guang [I am a blind man], kogede kuang [I am a deaf man] 279
Ket
NB. The verbal suffixes can be added also to nouns: 1S uudjendi‿guang (kum eäng) стараюсь (är arbetande) [I am a working man], saigedi‿guang jag är blind / I am a blind man, wark kuang я болшой / I am a big man 280.
1S saigede‿guuang [I am a blind man], koogedi kuuang [I am a deaf man] (= kum eäng) 279.
| 1S | kuuang (prop. kum eang) I am a man 279 | 2S | kuuand | 3S | kum |
| 1D | kuulavi [we two are two men] | 2D | kuulali | 3D | kuula |
| 1P | kuulaut | 2P | kuulālt | 3P | kuula |
[Note: The dual and plural forms seem to rather be possessive suffixes.]
Taz
E457 The predicate that stands immediately before the copula merges sometimes into one word, e.g.
| 1S | mat kipelja kumang (-mong) I am a small person | 2S | kumand (-mond) | 3S | kum |
| 1D | me šidemi kipa kumei or kum eengei | 2D | [te] šideli [kipa] kumeli (kum engeli) | 3D | [tebeaǥ] kumóǥ |
| 1P | [me] kummen | 2P | [te] kummelen | 3P | [tebet] kummen |
In the third person the copula can be omitted in such phrases, while usually: tep kipa kum han (är) liten människa / he is a small person, rarely tep kipelja kum eng.
NB. Third person singular, dual and plural remain indeclinable.
iljmat child
| 1S | man iljmátang (-ong) | 2S | iljmátand (-tond) | 3S | iljmát |
| 1D | iljmátei | 2D | iljmáteli | 3D | iljmátaǥ |
| 1P | iljmátemen | 2P | iljmátelen | 3P | iljmátáden |
tööt otter
| 1S | man aša töötang (-tong) I am not an otter | 2S | töötand | ||
| 1D | töötei | 2D | tööteli | 3D | tötáǥ |
| 1P | töötemen |
| 1S | man aša nomang I am not God | 2S | nomand | 3S | nom |
| 1D | [me] nom(m)ei | 2D | nomeli | 3D | nomóǥ |
| 1P | nomemen |
| 1S | man aša kanangam I am not a dog | 2S | kanangand | 3S | kanang |
| 1D | kanangei | 2D | kanangeli | 3D | kanak͔ |
| 1P | kanangemen | 2P | kanangelen | 3P | kanangáden |
| 1S | man aša kork͔ang я не медведь / I am not a bear | 2S | korkand |
Preterite and future are fully expressed: kipa kum ésang, warǥ kum élakʃe I was a small man, I will be a big man.
Otherwise the predicate is used in present, and especially in the preterite and future, not in the nominative but with the postposition k͔o, e.g. man kipelja kumetk͔o (-k͔a) eengang, eesang, élakse I am / was / will be a small person (or kipelja eesang I was small), mat kibeljatk͔o (-k͔a) eesang jag var liten / I was small [rather: I became small, Castrén has not apprehended the verb esu- ‘to become’]. This k͔o is the nga of the northern dialect [Nenets].